Right of non Muslims
Allah has made it clear in Holy Quran that disbelievers. and infidels can never be friends of Muslims but even though, it has been advised to treat non-Muslims fairly. It is quality of Islarn that it grants to non-Muslims the rights like it grants to Muslims. It advises Muslims to treat them kindly.It is saying of Allah
ولا يَجْرِمَتَكُمْ شَنَانُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ اَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى (المائده: 8)
Translation: And do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just, that is near to righteousness.
Islam directs that its followers treat non-Muslims as a doctor treats his patients. Due to this excellent behavior, Muslims always won hearts of non-Muslims.
In the light of these teachings, the rights of non-Muslims are following.
Security of life and wealth: It is duty of a muslim government to protect lives and belongings of its non muslim citizens. In this regard, there should be no difference between, Muslims and non-Muslims.
If a Muslim kills a non-Muslim, then its Qasaas and revenge will be taken in the same manner as it is taken of a Muslim's murder. The Holy Prophet said, "the one who killed any zimi will not smell the fragrance of paradise which will be felt from the distance of forty years". (Sahih bukhari)
The protection of non-Muslim citizen's property and wealth is religious duty of Islamic state. During the era of second caliph Hazrat Umar the crops of a non- Muslim were damaged by Muslim army, so he (Hazrat Umar) gave his ransom money of ten thousand from 'Bait al Mall'.
Protection of Honor: Islam provides guarantee of non-Muslims respect and honor too. Insulting him abusing and beating him is prohibited. Hazrat Umer directed his generals 'to stop Muslims from committing cruelty to non-Muslims. They should not be able to harm them and do not take their wealth through unlawful means and the commitments which you have made with them, you should fulfill them". .
Social Rights: In an Islamic state, non-Muslims have social rights. They have freedom of every type of business, trade and economic dealings. A non-Muslim has the right to adopt any profession. Besides this, to provide a financial support to a non-Muslim is also the responsibility of an Islamic state..
Once Hazrat Umar saw an old Jew begging at the door of a person. He asked him,; Why do you beg? he said, "because of my need and poverty. "Hazrat Umar caught his hand and took him to his home, helped him from bait al maal( State Bank) and fixed his allowance for future. Then he wrote this historical order to the in charge of bait al maal, "By Allah", it is not justice that we benefit from their young age and leave them helpless in their old age".
Religious Rights: In Islamic government, non muslims have religious freedom. They may perform their religious duties and customs freely according to their faith, Imam Abu Ubaidah has mentioned in his "Kitab Al Amwal". many such cities, which were conquered by force and particularly highlighted it that. :their residents had full freedom to live according to their religion and faith".
Binding to Agreements: The agreements done to non-Muslims citizens must be followed. Hazrat Umar followed those agreements took special care of rights of non-Muslim zimis and often used to write directions to his governors. Non- Muslims were also happy with these agreement during righteous caliphate. One of the factors for propagation of Islam among non-Muslims was also Muslim's commitment to their promises..
